Dataset: Synthesis Product for Ocean Time Series (SPOTS)

Final no updates expectedDOI: 10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.896862.2Version 2 (2024-02-22)Dataset Type:Synthesis

Principal Investigator: Nico Lange (GEOMAR Kiel)

Co-Principal Investigator: Heather Benway (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution)

Co-Principal Investigator: Björn Fiedler (GEOMAR Kiel)

Co-Principal Investigator: Danie Kinkade (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution)

Co-Principal Investigator: Toste Tanhua (GEOMAR Kiel)

Scientist: Marta Álvarez (Spanish National Research Council)

Scientist: Alice Benoit-Cattin (Marine and Freshwater Research Institute of Iceland)

Scientist: Pier Luigi Buttigieg (Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research)

Scientist: Laurent Coppola (Laboratoire d’Océanographie de Villefranche CNRS)

Scientist: Kim I. Currie (New Zealand National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research)

Scientist: Susana Flecha (Mediterranean Institute for Advanced Studies)

Scientist: Makio C Honda (Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology)

Scientist: Emma I. Huertas (Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucia CSIC)

Scientist: Arne Körtzinger (GEOMAR Kiel)

Scientist: Siv Kari Lauvset (NORCE Norwegian Research Center AS)

Scientist: Frank Muller-Karger (University of South Florida)

Scientist: Kevin M. O'Brien (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration)

Scientist: Sólveig Ólafsdóttir (Marine and Freshwater Research Institute of Iceland)

Scientist: Fernando Carvalho Pacheco (University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa)

Scientist: Digna Rueda-Roa (University of South Florida)

Scientist: Ingunn Skjelvan (NORCE Norwegian Research Center AS)

Scientist: Masahide Wakita (Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology)

Scientist: Angelicque E. White (University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa)

BCO-DMO Data Manager: Dana Stuart Gerlach (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution)

Project: EarthCube RCN for Marine Ecological Time Series (METS) (METS RCN)

Project: Improving and Integrating European Ocean Observing and Forecasting Systems for Sustainable use of the Oceans (EuroSea)

Abstract

The presented time-series data synthesis pilot product includes data from 12 fixed ship-based time-series programs. The related stations represent unique marine environments within the Atlantic Ocean, Pacific Ocean, Mediterranean Sea, Nordic Seas, and Caribbean Sea. The focus of the pilot has been placed on biogeochemical essential ocean variables: dissolved oxygen, dissolved inorganic nutrients, inorganic carbon (pH, total alkalinity, dissolved inorganic carbon, and partial pressure of CO2), pa...

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Cite Dataset

This time-series data synthesis pilot product includes data from 12 fixed ship-based time-series programs with a focus on biogeochemical essential ocean variables. Data used in this synthesis product were made possible with funding through the following:

  • EU Horizon 2020 through the EuroSea Innovation Action (grant agreement 862626)
  • EU Horizon 2020 iAtlantic programme (grant agreement 818123) 
  • European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement 820989; COMFORT).
  • WASCAL MRP-CCMS project from the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF; grant agreement no. 01LG1805A).
  • National Science Foundation (OCE-1259043, OCE-175651, and RISE-2028291).
  • Norwegian Environment Agency under grant agreement nos. 14078029, 15078033, 16078007, 17018007, and 21087110.
  • Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (20H04349) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT) KAKENHI.
  • Mediterranean Ocean Observing System for the Environment program (MOOSE) coordinated by CNRS-INSU and the Research Infrastructure ILICO (CNRS-IFREMER).
  • The European projects CARBOOCEAN, CARBOCHANGE, SESAME, PERSEUS and COMFORT
  • The Spanish Ministry of Science through the grants CTM2005/01091-MAR and CTM2008-05680-C02-01 and the Junta de Andalucía through the TECADE project (PY20_00293)
  • Centro Nacional Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO-CSIC)

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Dataset: HOT Niskin bottle samples
Relationship Description: HOT Station ALOHA data was used in the compilation for the time-series data synthesis product
Karl, D. (2018) Niskin bottle water samples and CTD measurements from the Hawaii Ocean Time-Series cruises from 1988-2016 (HOT project). Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 1) Version Date 2018-04-18 doi:10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.3773.1
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Dataset: https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.958597
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Related Publications

Methods, Results
Lange, N., Fiedler, B., Álvarez, M., Benoit-Cattin, A., Benway, H., Buttigieg, P. L., Coppola, L., Currie, K., Flecha, S., Honda, M., Huertas, I. E., Lauvset, S. K., Muller-Karger, F., Körtzinger, A., O’Brien, K. M., Ólafsdóttir, S. R., Pacheco, F. C., Rueda-Roa, D., Skjelvan, I., … Tanhua, T. (2023). Synthesis Product for Ocean Time-Series (SPOTS) – A ship-based biogeochemical pilot. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2023-238
Methods
Bittig, H. C., Steinhoff, T., Claustre, H., Fiedler, B., Williams, N. L., Sauzède, R., Körtzinger, A., & Gattuso, J.-P. (2018). An Alternative to Static Climatologies: Robust Estimation of Open Ocean CO2 Variables and Nutrient Concentrations From T, S, and O2 Data Using Bayesian Neural Networks. Frontiers in Marine Science, 5. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2018.00328
Methods
Jiang, L.-Q., Pierrot, D., Wanninkhof, R., Feely, R. A., Tilbrook, B., Alin, S., Barbero, L., Byrne, R. H., Carter, B. R., Dickson, A. G., Gattuso, J.-P., Greeley, D., Hoppema, M., Humphreys, M. P., Karstensen, J., Lange, N., Lauvset, S. K., Lewis, E. R., Olsen, A., … Xue, L. (2022). Best Practice Data Standards for Discrete Chemical Oceanographic Observations. Frontiers in Marine Science, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.705638
Methods
Lauvset, S. K., & Tanhua, T. (2015). A toolbox for secondary quality control on ocean chemistry and hydrographic data. Limnology and Oceanography: Methods, 13(11), 601–608. Portico. https://doi.org/10.1002/lom3.10050
Methods
Swift, J.H. and Diggs, S.C. (2008) Description of WHP-Exchange Format for CTD/Hydrographic Data. CLIVAR and Carbon Hydrographic Data Office, UCSD Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 19pp.

Lange, N., Fiedler, B., Álvarez, M., Benoit-Cattin, A., Benway, H., Buttigieg, P. L., Coppola, L., Currie, K. I., Flecha, S., Gerlach, D. S., Honda, M. C., Huertas, E. I., Kinkade, D., Muller-Karger, F., Lauvset, S. K., Körtzinger, A., O'Brien, K. M., Ólafsdóttir, S., Pacheco, F. C., Rueda-Roa, D., Skjelvan, I., Wakita, M., White, A. E., Tanhua, T. (2024) Synthesis Product for Ocean Time Series (SPOTS). Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 2) Version Date 2024-02-22 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. doi:10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.896862.2 [access date]

Terms of Use

This dataset is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.


If you wish to use this dataset, it is highly recommended that you contact the original principal investigators (PI). Should the relevant PI be unavailable, please contact BCO-DMO (info@bco-dmo.org) for additional guidance. For general guidance please see the BCO-DMO Terms of Use document.

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Funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation