An independent pump CTD was used to collect data on macronutrients, described by Strady et al., 2008 and Schulz-Vogt et al., 2019 . Nutrient analyses were done according to guidelines of Grasshoff et al., 1999, with the precision on each nutrient being 0.01 (PO43-), 0.02 (NO3-), 0.006 (NO2-), and 0.05 (NH4+) µM.
The pump CTD was designed by groups at IOW and MPI, for the CTD in the PUMP–CTD-System a SBE911+ from SEABIRD-Electronics USA is used. Further details are provided in Strady et al., (2008).
CTD sensor measurements: temperature, conductivity and pressure. Temperature and salinity are mean values obtained from Temp (ITS-90) and Salinity Practical (PSU) from CTD data. Nutrients measured with Quattro Seal: NO3, NO2, NH4 and PO4.
Sensors connected to pump CTD O2, H2S and pH. See supplemental files for detection limits and calibration of these sensors.