Project: Physiological and genetic responses of the deep-water coral, Lophelia pertusa, to ongoing ocean acidification in the Gulf of Mexico

Acronym/Short Name:Lophelia OA
Project Duration:2012-09 - 2015-08
Geolocation:Northern Gulf of Mexico

Description

The Gulf of Mexico deep water ecosystems are threatened by the persistent threat of ocean acidification. Deep-water corals will be among the first to feel the effects of this process, in particular the deep-water scleractinians that form their skeleton from aragonite. The continued shoaling of the aragonite saturation horizon (the depth below which aragonite is undersaturated) will place many of the known, and as yet undiscovered, deep-water corals at risk in the very near future. The most common deep-water framework-forming scleractinian in the world's oceans is Lophelia pertusa. This coral is most abundant in the North Atlantic, where aragonite saturation states are relatively high, but it also creates extensive reef structures between 300 and 600 m depth in the Gulf of Mexico where aragonite saturation states were previously unknown. Preliminary data indicate that pH at this depth range is between 7.85 and 8.03, and the aragonite saturation state is typically between 1.28 and 1.69. These are the first measurements of aragonite saturation state for the deep Gulf of Mexico, and are among the lowest Aragonite saturation state yet recorded for framework-forming corals in any body of water, at any depth.

This project will examine the effects of ocean acidification on L. pertusa, combining laboratory experiments, rigorous oceanographic measurements, the latest genome and transcriptome sequencing platforms, and quantitative PCR and enzyme assays to examine changes in coral gene expression and enzyme activity related to differences in carbonate chemistry. Short-term and long-term laboratory experiments will be performed at Aragonite saturation state of 1.45 and 0.75 and the organismal (e.g., survivorship and calcification rate) and genetic (e.g., transcript abundance) responses of the coral will be monitored. Genomic DNA and RNA will be extracted, total mRNA purified, and comprehensive and quantitative profiles of the transcriptome generated using a combination of 454 and Illumina sequencing technologies. Key genes in the calcification pathways as well as other differentially expressed genes will be targeted for specific qPCR assays to verify the Illumina sequencing results. On a research cruise, L. pertusa will be sampled (preserved at depth) along a natural gradient in carbonate chemistry, and included in the Illumina sequencing and qPCR assays. Water samples will be obtained by submersible-deployed niskin bottles adjacent to the coral collections as well as CTD casts of the water column overlying the sites. Water samples will be analyzed for pH, alkalinity, nitrates and soluble reactive phosphorus. These will be used in combination with historical data in a model to hindcast Aragonite saturation state.

This project will provide new physiological and genetic data on an ecologically-significant and anthropogenically-threatened deepwater coral in the Gulf of Mexico. An experimental system, already developed by the PIs, offers controlled conditions to test the effect of Aragonite saturation state on calcification rates in scleractinians and, subsequently, to identify candidate genes and pathways involved in the response to reduced pH and Aragonite saturation state. Both long-term and population sampling experiments will provide additional transcriptomic data and specifically investigate the expression of the candidate genes. These results will contribute to our understanding of the means by which scleractinians may acclimate and acclimatize to low pH, alkalinity, and Aragonite saturation state. Furthermore, the investigators will continue a time series of oceanographic measurements of the carbonate system in the Gulf of Mexico, which will allow the inclusion of this significant body of water in models of past and future ocean acidification scenarios.


DatasetLatest Version DateCurrent State
Sample log for R/V Atlantis (AT26-14) Alvin dive A4703 in the Gulf of Mexico during April 2014 (Lophelia OA project)2016-09-21Final no updates expected
Calcification rates from pH experiments on Lophelia pertusa specimens collected from the Norwegian Skagerrak and the Gulf of Mexico (Lophelia OA project)2016-09-20Final no updates expected
Respiration rates for pH experiments on L. pertusa specimens collected in the Norwegian Skagerrak and the Gulf of Mexico (Lophelia OA project)2016-09-20Final no updates expected
Tank conditions for pH experiments on Lophelia pertusa specimens collected in the Norwegian Skagerrak and the Gulf of Mexico (Lophelia OA project)2016-09-20Final no updates expected
Feeding records for pH experiments conducted on Lophelia pertusa specimens collected in the Norwegian Skagerrak and the Gulf of Mexico (Lophelia OA project)2016-09-20Final no updates expected
Sample logs from R/V Atlantis (AT26-14) Alvin dives in the Gulf of Mexico during 2014 (Lophelia OA project)2016-09-20Final no updates expected
Mortality of L. pertusa specimens exposed to different temperatures collected on R/V Ronald Brown in Florida from October to November 2010 (Lophelia OA project)2016-09-19Final no updates expected
Net calcification of L. pertusa specimens exposed to different pH treatments collected on R/V Ronald Brown in Florida from October to November 2010 (Lophelia OA project)2016-09-19Final no updates expected
Dissolved oxygen and potential density measurements from the R/V Atlantis, R/V Ronald Brown, & E/V Nautilus in the Gulf of Mexico & Florida from 2010-2014 (Lophelia OA project)2016-09-19Final no updates expected
Mortality of L. pertusa specimens exposed to different DO levels collected on R/V Ronald Brown in Florida from October to November 2010 (Lophelia OA project)2016-09-19Final no updates expected
Water samples from CTD casts and vehicle-mounted bottles from the R/V Atlantis, R/V Ronald Brown, R/V Falkor, & E/V Nautilus in the Gulf of Mexico & Florida from 2010 to 2014 (Lophelia OA project)2016-09-16Final no updates expected

People

Lead Principal Investigator: Erik E. Cordes
Temple University (Temple)

Co-Principal Investigator: Dr Robert J. Kulathinal
Temple University (Temple)

BCO-DMO Data Manager: Shannon Rauch
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI BCO-DMO)


Programs

Science, Engineering and Education for Sustainability NSF-Wide Investment (SEES): Ocean Acidification (formerly CRI-OA) [SEES-OA]


Data Management Plan

Data_Mgmt_Plan_OCE_1220478.pdf (29.89 KB)
02/09/2025