Dataset: BIOS-SCOPE survey biogeochemical data as collected on Atlantic Explorer cruises (AE1614, AE1712, AE1819, AE1916) from 2016 through 2019

Final no updates expectedDOI: 10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.861266.1Version 1 (2021-10-17)Dataset Type:Cruise Results

Principal Investigator: Craig A. Carlson (University of California-Santa Barbara)

Co-Principal Investigator: Stephen Giovannoni (Oregon State University)

Scientist: Elisa Halewood (University of California-Santa Barbara)

Scientist: Shuting Liu (University of California-Santa Barbara)

BCO-DMO Data Manager: Dana Stuart Gerlach (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution)


Project: Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences Simons Collaboration on Ocean Processes and Ecology (BIOSSCOPE)


Abstract

This dataset includes analyses from Niskin bottle samples collected on R/V Atlantic Explorer cruises as part of the BIOS-SCOPE campaign. Included are CTD data, and survey biogeochemical samples including inorganic nutrients, particulate organic carbon and nitrogen, dissolved organic carbon, dissolved organic nitrogen, total dissolved amino acids, bacterial abundance and production.

SAMPLING
From July 2016 through July 2019, samples were collected from CTD samplers and Niskin bottles during R/V Atlantic Explorer cruises to understand ocean processes and ecological interactions in the open ocean waters near Bermuda.  The BATS program provided monthly collections, while BIOS-SCOPE process cruises provided more detailed information from around-the-clock sampling for the hydrographic variables. Plankton tows were used to assess the temporal and vertical variability of organic and inorganic nutrients, vitamins, metabolites, microbial biomass and production, bacterial and viral DNA, and zooplankton biomass at depths over 1000 meters. In situ sequential filtration pumps collected particles for molecular and isotopic characterization of organic particles that spanned four biologically-relevant size classes over 12 depths. Numerous shipboard experiments were conducted to evaluate zooplankton and microbial respiration, as well as organic matter transformation by bacterioplankton (free living bacteria).

Between February 2017 and September 2018, time series of physical and biogeochemical properties were acquired near the BATS site using three separate Slocum G2 gliders deployed in 10 consecutive missions. Each glider carried a science payload that included a pumped CTD, WetLabs ECOpuck (ChlF and Bp700) and Aanderaa O2 optode, and was programmed to spiral around a 0.5 km box (essentially holding station) and profile between 0 and ~900 meters depth. For five missions the glider was additionally equipped with a Submersible Underwater Nitrate Analyzer (SUNA). Monthly, co-located ship-based CTD and water sample profiles were used to calibrate each of the sensors. These time series demonstrate the relationship between vertical zones, seasons and biogeochemical property distributions.

ANALYSIS
BIOS-SCOPE cruise samples were analyzed at UCSB using the following instruments and methods: 

Flow injection analysis was performed on a Lachat QuikChem 8500 series 2 to obtain concentration data for nitrate, nitrite, NO3 + NO2, ortho-phosphate, ammonium, and silicate. 

Particulate organic carbon (POC) and particulate organic nitrogen (PON) were measured by combustion analysis using a CEC 440HA elemental analyzer.  Additional methodology, calibrations, precision and accuracy, and methodological references are detailed at the UCSB MSI Analytical Lab Website: http://www.msi.ucsb.edu/services/analytical-lab.

Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) were measured using high temperature catalytic oxidation (HTCO) on a Shimadzu TOC-V system with TNM-1 unit (Carlson et al., 2010). 

Bacterioplankton abundance was obtained using Olympus BX51 epifluorescent microscope (Porter & Feig, 1980).  Heterotrophic bacterial production was analyzed using 3H-leucine uptake (Smith & Azam, 1992). 

Total Dissolved Amino Acids (TDAA) and individual amino acids were measured using HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) following the methods of Liu et al. (2020). The amino acids include alanine, arginine, aspartic acid, beta-alanine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, glutamic acid, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, serine, taurine, threonine, tyrosine, and valine.

Genomic DNA samples were amplified and sequenced using universal primer sets for 16S and 18S with 'general' Illumina overhang adapters at Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing (Oregon State University) Corvallis, OR. These data have been deposited with links to BioProject accession number PRJNA769790 in the NCBI BioProject database. (See Related Datasets section below for details) 

Slocum G2 glider data
Season was derived from the Slocum G2 glider time series data.  The glider data had longer deployment periods marking the seasonal changes, so the CTD sampling dates were lined up with the glider data using date/timestamp.  Each CTD/bottle profile was assigned a season code based on the alignment with the known seasons and dates from the glider data.  Season designations are 1=Mixed, 2=Spring transition, 3=Stratified, 4=Fall transition (for more information, see the Physical Framework document on the Project page)

 

 


Related Datasets

Results

Dataset: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioproject/PRJNA769790
University of California Santa Barbara. BIOS-SCOPE cast profile amplicon data. 2021/10. In: BioProject [Internet]. Bethesda, MD: National Library of Medicine (US), National Center for Biotechnology Information; 2011-. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioproject/PRJNA769790. NCBI:BioProject: PRJNA769790.

Related Publications

General

Burd, A. B., Hansell, D. A., Steinberg, D. K., Anderson, T. R., Arístegui, J., Baltar, F., Beaupré, S. R., Buesseler, K. O., DeHairs, F., Jackson, G. A., Kadko, D. C., Koppelmann, R., Lampitt, R. S., Nagata, T., Reinthaler, T., Robinson, C., Robison, B. H., Tamburini, C., & Tanaka, T. (2010). Assessing the apparent imbalance between geochemical and biochemical indicators of meso- and bathypelagic biological activity: What the @$♯! is wrong with present calculations of carbon budgets? Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 57(16), 1557–1571. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.02.022
Methods

Carlson, C. A., Hansell, D. A., Nelson, N. B., Siegel, D. A., Smethie, W. M., Khatiwala, S., Meyers, M. M., Halewood, E. (2010). Dissolved organic carbon export and subsequent remineralization in the mesopelagic and bathypelagic realms of the North Atlantic basin. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 57(16), 1433–1445. doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.02.013
Methods

De Boyer Montégut, C. (2004). Mixed layer depth over the global ocean: An examination of profile data and a profile-based climatology. Journal of Geophysical Research, 109(C12). doi:10.1029/2004jc002378
Methods

Liu, S., Parsons, R., Opalk, K., Baetge, N., Giovannoni, S., Bolaños, L. M., Kujawinski, E. B., Longnecker, K., Lu, Y., Halewood, E., & Carlson, C. A. (2020). Different carboxyl‐rich alicyclic molecules proxy compounds select distinct bacterioplankton for oxidation of dissolved organic matter in the mesopelagic Sargasso Sea. In Limnology and Oceanography (Vol. 65, Issue 7, pp. 1532–1553). Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.11405
Methods

Mojica, K.D. and Gaube, P. (in review) Estimates of mixing and mixed layer depth in Western North Atlantic